Long before we were immersed in artificial intelligence, we met it in the movies—in HAL, R2D2, and the Terminator. Obsequious robots, homicidal mainframes, and uncanny virtual companions prepared us for a future that has now arrived. Today, AI shapes daily life through chatbots like ChatGPT, autonomous systems that navigate our streets, and financial algorithms that track our spending. With AI everywhere, we need to understand how these systems work, what their limits are, and where they may tak